Investigating the Relationship between Islamic Cities Related to Urban Identity and Citizens' Sense of Belonging (Case Study of Palestine Square, Tehran)

Approaches that define identical and one-dimensional forms of identity practically try to establish the dominant ideology of societies. In other words, the foundation of a city, which is represented by different designs, landscapes and tastes, through a matching tool called ideology, forms the foundation of construction and the body of the city in general. . In fact, two identities, one artificial and the other arising from the history, culture and civilization of a society, are created. Artificial identity tries to impose itself on various identities, so it works with a sensitive trick that is considered a value in Islamic societies. The approach of Islamic or Iranian-Islamic identity is the same value that with the widespread presence in urban spaces and especially in their body, has somehow been faced with tastes and other values ​​and identities. The sense of belonging of this individual is "a complex combination of meanings, symbols and environmental qualities that a person or group consciously or unconsciously perceives of a particular place. Cultures as well as prevent the creation of sufficient facilities for the formation of space by citizens, which does not create a sense of belonging to space, resulting in the emergence of urban vandalism and other negative consequences. He studied its production because every form of social organization produces an environment that is a consequence of the social relations that this method of social organization has, because of the many differences of each social group or class, the ideology that underlies any identity. It is different, so in a city the existence of different identities, each with its own principles and beliefs, is quite conceivable, because ideology is a picture of the mental relationship of people with the real conditions inferred from their lives. It is basically a decentralized concept with multiple identities Each identity and ideology imposes its identity on other identities according to the power that its bearers have in the structure of society. Hence, one can never speak of "national identity" or "Iranian-Islamic identity" without ignoring all the contradictions and differences within the concept of "nation" or the different tendencies regarding the concept of "religion" and their identity. Removed from space. But on the other hand, human society is composed of classes, social groups, religions, etc., which is a social matter created by the interaction of these forces, but these forces exist unequally, and this creates power relations. Thus, the definition of a single identity for a city is not the "values ​​that govern a society" but the values ​​of the ruling class of society. This form of organizing the city eliminates various identity groups from shaping the city and producing space. In this research, the necessity of recognizing the factors that are responsible for the production of space has been shown and an attempt has been made to examine the role of institutions and discourses that dominate the production of space. The overall goal of this project is to show the relationship between the sense of belonging and the factors and social relations and elements of Islamic cities that form the space and to examine the nature of these social relations. In this regard, data collection is based on field perception based on popular questionnaires. The sample size in this study was 93 through Cronbach's alpha formula. Since only one neighborhood was studied in this study and more than two variables were selected for measurement, there were 4 options for analyzing this study, which included analysis of covariance, repeated measures variance, multivariate regression, and factor analysis. Which was analyzed by Smart PLS software. The studied variables are divided into two categories: individual and social factors and perceptual and visual factors. Analyzing the results, it can be said that the relationship between the sense of belonging of citizens living in the area with the existing visual elements is low and with individual and social factors such as participation in planning their neighborhood is high. The research was based on the assumption that the identity of citizens varies depending on their social status and no single urban identity can play the role of a complete representation of all citizens, so single identities both theoretically and in practice with the lack of urban democracy and urban planning. They are undemocratic and viable from above. On the other hand, it was tried to show that the lack of space to represent the different identities of citizens will cause them to lose their sense of belonging and in the future will cause problems such as vandalism in the city. This study showed that in order to create a sense of belonging among the residents of Palestine Square neighborhood of Tehran, more than perceptual and visual factors rooted in its historical and Islamic identity, individual and social factors, such as participation at different levels for planning and decision making. They influence people's sense of place in their neighborhood.