Evaluation of cultural landscape focusing on natural heritage by integrating DEMATEL and ANP methods; Case study: Coastal Shore of Karun River in Ahvaz

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

1 Assistant professor in urban planning, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Instructor of Urban Planning Department, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

The natural heritage-based cultural landscape relies on a prominent example that embodies the most distinctive natural phenomena, forms or forms, and current important ecological trends, biological evolution, and human interaction with its natural environment. Therefore, the coastal route of the Karun River in the city of Ahvaz, as a rich natural heritage, includes all the pillars and, of course, the potential of the desired cultural landscape, which unfortunately has been neglected in recent decades. In this study, with the aim of achieving the most important criteria related to the cultural-natural landscape, to create a network diagram of inter-criteria relations, weighting and normalizing them through a combined method of multi-criteria decision-making technique DEMATEL-ANP. Preliminary results of the research using the DEMATEL method show that 13 out of 23 criteria are the most important criteria of the subject. Of these, 9 are effective (positive) and 15 are affective (negative) criteria, of which 66% of the "deep interpretation of natural landscapes" cluster (2 out of 3 criteria) have positive values. It is also the most important and influential measure of "habitat value" of the "yield and productivity" cluster. According to the ANP results, although the most important criteria for the cluster are "deep interpretation of natural landscapes", but the distinction in the cluster is "performance and productivity". Finally, the findings of the limit matrix obtained from the research confirm the natural approach in the trinity (natural, man-made and man-made) in creating a natural landscape based on natural heritage in a case study of the Karun River.

Highlights

9-Discussion and findings

According to DEMATEL findings, some of the most important criteria relate to three of the eight clusters: "deep interpretation of natural landscapes", "multilayered meaning" and "species". Of the three clusters, two are among the most important. These are described in order, the construction process based on the needs and desires of individuals (according to different age groups, gender, ethnicity, etc.), naturalness (wildlife, adventurous nature), duality of vision: "the pleasure of beauty" Or "malicious intent", dominant landscapes (historical, industrial, religious, etc.), the beauty / ugliness of landscapes (strongly related to the perception of injustice and unequal power relations in landscaping) and the fixed / dynamic landscape (presence of people in landscapes, tools Transportation and traffic are works of urban space renovation (new buildings). Other important clusters of "yield and productivity" with the criterion of "habitat value (existence of specific plant, animal and animal species)" and "semiotics and aesthetics" with the criterion of "collective landscape personality (derived from the environment and society) and (= Memory) "can be mentioned. 13 out of 23 criteria are the most important criteria of the subject. Of these, 8 are effective (positive) and 15 are affective (negative) criteria. 66% of the "deep interpretation of natural landscapes" cluster (2 out of 3 criteria) have positive values. The most important criterion among all the introduced criteria and the most influential criterion is "habitat value (existence of specific plant, animal and animal species)" from the "yield and productivity" cluster. These are the most important and unavoidable issues that should be emphasized when evaluating the criteria of cultural landscape from the perspective of natural heritage.

Comparison of identified clusters and nodes, supra matrix and matrix limit is obtained by ANP method. Providing a compatibility index helps to evaluate the paired matrix to make sense. All indices of the node comparison matrix below the threshold value are 0.1. According to ANP findings, "user mixing and activity" is the first criterion weighing 0.264 in the type of criterion. The average weight of the criteria is calculated to be 10,000. The "Performance and Productivity" cluster has the highest weight in the model with a rate of 0.332. The "multilayer meaning" cluster has the lowest weight, 0.088. The "form", "time feature" and "sort" clusters do not normally affect the model. Although the most important criteria for the cluster are "deep interpretation of natural landscapes", the distinction in the cluster is "performance and productivity". As a result of the findings of the limit matrix obtained from the research, the natural approach in the trinity (natural, human and man-made) in creating a natural landscape based on natural heritage in the case study of the Karun River confirms. The level of importance of the criteria belonging to the "natural" approach is higher than other criteria.

 

10-Conclusion and presentation of suggestions

The obtained operational model has a structure that can be used to determine the importance of various criteria from the controversial category and from a floating angle of cultural landscape with its natural framework by researchers and city executives. This model may present different results in different sections and regions. This study proposes the DEMATEL method as a tool for evaluating multi-criteria models, based on which the criteria of "habitat value (existence of specific plant, animal and animal species)", "dominant landscapes (historical, industrial, religious, etc.)" And "construction process based on the needs and desires of individuals (attention to different age groups, gender, ethnicity, etc.)" of the three clusters in the model is important and should be considered. Any negligence in these three clusters may divert the cultural landscape from the goal of preserving its natural heritage. Although in a cultural context we seek human effects and interaction in the environment, but the priority to the elements of nature along with having a natural approach to man-made and human is very important for the success of any urban project in this research framework.

Since the most weight in the results of the ANP limit matrix is ​​the criterion of "naturalness (wildlife, adventurous nature)" of the cluster "deep interpretation of natural landscapes", it continues to emphasize the natural identity of the environment as well as the preservation of nature's texture and elements. It seems. Therefore, all stakeholders and city officials related to rare natural phenomena should formulate their work priorities, preserve and restore these natural environments along with the presence of human activities and human elements.

At the end of the research, the researcher points out that the prioritization of cultural landscape criteria is not contrary to the combined view of nature and man-made concepts in the cultural landscape category derived from the theoretical literature of the present study, but simultaneously considering all criteria in a single unit. The results have been interpreted by focusing on the selected structure and multi-criteria decision-making.

 

11- Limitations and suggestions of future research

In research, sorting and selection of criteria is usually done. Combined qualitative and quantitative methods provide a choice between some criteria or easier interpretation of them by considering a variety of criteria in situations where the data are complex, but since the basis of the present study is based on the choice between criteria and structure The selection is formed, does not need to sort all the criteria. Therefore, in future research, it is recommended to increase the number of criteria and sort between them. It is also suggested that the Fuzzy DEMATEL-Fuzzy ANP methods be used to provide clearer solutions to the complex problems that researchers may encounter. Research can also be applied to different areas and lead to a common conclusion. To be.

 

Keywords

Main Subjects

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Journal of Urban Development and Architecture - Environment Identity ( JUDA-EI)
Volume 2, Issue 6
May 2021
Pages 73-53

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History

  • Receive Date: 22 January 2021
  • Accept Date: 29 April 2021

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