3D dimensional sound presentation in urban space for placement to optimize industrial workshops with using of GIS( case study: region 12, area3, Tehran city)

Document Type : Thesis

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Arts, Tehran.

2 MSc, of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Arts, Tehran

Abstract

The issue of sound and noise pollution is very important in the present conditions of cities. In this regard, since the city of Tehran is prominent in this matter, it is necessary to address this issue in this city. Sound pollution comes from a variety of sources, including the small industrial workshops that are located in urban areas in all cities, the most important of them. So far, a lot of research has been done on this issue. What distinguishes this study from other research is the examination of sound distribution in the third dimension. The present research, conducted in the area of three districts of the 12 city of Tehran, seeks to optimize the location of industrial workshops in altitudinal layers. In this regard, 5 points of the area and 70 stations were considered for measuring the sound. Using GIS software, spatial and descriptive information of the stations was examined and then the data of these stations was analyzed. Then, with the introduction of GIS data into the CityEngin software environment, the patterns examined were from the highest amount of sound to the lowest sound level. The study found that the best place to locate these workshops in the heights of the underground floor, as well as preventing the concentration of workshops alongside and preventing the placement of workshops along the main streets, equalize the level Reduced Leq at the receiver's point. Other solutions, including imposing legal restrictions on workshops, the use of audio barriers, including vegetation, were also presented.

Highlights

The present study sought to investigate the role of the third dimension in the distribution of sound produced by industrial workshops in District 3, Region 12. However, due to the nature of the research, such conditions seem to exist in many cities, so the research results can be useful for other areas as well. However, in addition to studying the three-dimensional distribution of sound in industrial workshops, the discussion of locating these uses in the third layer and how to forgive in the blocks of the area has also been considered. . Therefore, first the most important step was to be careful in selecting the measuring stations in the study area and then to be careful in how the data were collected. In this regard, five points in the selection area and data were obtained from 70 main measuring stations and 30 sub-measuring stations. It should be noted that the method of data collection was equivalent to the amount of sound (Leq) and also the time conditions were considered. After collecting the data, the station information was mapped using GIS software and then the data extracted from the stations were analyzed using City Engine software. The most important results obtained from the research were summarized as follows: Industrial workshops on the main street wall make a very scary noise because their sound merges with the traffic noise, so the first step should be to remove the industrial workshops from the main street wall. Another important point was that it was found that the workshops located on the ground floor send much less noise to the environment than the workshops located on the ground floor and upper floors, so as much as possible the industrial workshops in this area should be encouraged to go to the ground floor. A very important step has been taken to reduce noise pollution. The next point is that workshops located at intersections as well as in narrow alleys will cause a lot of damage to the surrounding noise environment and should not be located in these places. Another thing is the effect of the skyline in forgiving the sound of the workshops, so that in areas where the skyline is not observed and short buildings are located among tall buildings in a wall, the industrial workshop should not be in the wall in front of it because the sound comfort of the back wall completely Also, as the factories are located on the ground floor, they emit less noise to the surrounding environment. The upper floors are dedicated to residential use. Other smaller results are reported in the research process.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Full Text

مسئلهصوت وآلودگی­صوتی در­ مکان­یابی کاربری­های شهری از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. آلودگی‌های صوتی شهری عموماً از منابع مختلفی تولید می‌شوند که در آن میان سروصدای ناشی از اتومبیل‌ها و کارگاه‌های صنعتی در زمره مهم‌ترین عوامل ایجاد آلودگی صوتی محسوب می‌شوند. تاکنون پژوهش‌های ­زیادی در مقوله صوت و آلودگی صوتی صورت گرفته است، اما آنچه پژوهش حاضر را از سایر تحقیقات مشابه متمایز­ می­سازد، بررسی توزیع صوت در لایه سوم فضا می­باشد. صدا با مشخصات تغییر یافته و نامنظم است،که اگر از حد استاندارد بالاتر باشد می تواند منبع بالقوه ای برای صدمات و اختلالات جسمی و روانی باشد.در همین نوع استقرار کاربری ها به میزان حساسیت آن ها به آلودگی صوتی بستگی دارد. پژوهش حاضر که در ناحیه سه از منطقه 12شهر تهران انجام‌شده ­است، به دنبال مکان‌یابی بهینه کارگاه‌های صنعتی از منظر شهری در لایه‌های ارتفاعی ابنیه موجود می­باشد. در این راستا در 5 نقطه از ناحیه ، 70 ایستگاه اصلی و 30 ایستگاه فرعی جهت اندازه­گیری صوت مشخص گردید. با استافاده از دستگاه صدا سنج حرفه ای داده های مورد نظر در چند ساعت متفاوت از شبانه روز و در روز های متفاوت برداشت شد.سپس در محیط نرم افزار با استفاده از نرم‌افزار جی‌آی‌اس اطلاعات مکانی و توصیفی ایستگاه‌ها بررسی و سپس نقشه اطلاعات مکانی ناحیه ایجاد گردید، با بهره­گیری از نرم‌افزار  سیتی انجین الگوهای موردبررسی طیف­بندی شده و با استناد به داده‌های ایستگاه‌ها نقشه سه‌بعدی صوت کل ناحیه تولید گردید.در نتیجه مشخص شد که در مورد لایه ارتفاعی بهترین مکان در ساختمان طبقه زیر همکف برای استقرار مشاغ پر صدا هستند و همچنین استقرار این صنایع کوچک در نقاطی از خیابان به شدت ضربه زننده است.به عنوان مثال قرار گیری یک کارگاه صنعتی در یک خیابانی که ارتفاع ساختمانها بالاست آلودگی صوتی بیشتری را برای ساکنان ساختمان به وجود میآورد همچینین قرار گرفتن این کارگاهها در ورودی کوچه ها یا خیابان ها نیز آلودگی صوتی زیادی تولید میکند.از طرفی علاوه بر طبقه زیرین ساختمانها قرار گیری کارگاهها در یک راسته بسیار مناسب تر از قرارگیری سر چهار راه یا ورودی میباشد البته باید از تمرکز کارگاهها در یک راسته جلوگیری کرد.به طور کلی با وجود آنکه مشخص شده است قرار گرفتن کارگاهها در زیر زمین به لحلظ تولید صدا مناسب تر است یا همچنین تمرکز کارگاههای کوچک در یک راسته خیابان تقریبا غیر قابل تحمل میباشد،اما همچنان می بینیم که نه تنها در شهرهای بزرگ بلکه در شهرهای کوچک تر نیز این اصول رعایت نمیشوند.و به نظر میرسد.در آخر با در نظر گرفتن این امر که کارگاههای کوچک ممکن است نیاز روزانه یک منطقه یا محله شهری باشند و نمیشود از شهر خارج شوند، این اصول باید به عنوان اصول قانونی در نظر گرفته شوند و به هیچ عنوان اجازه تمرکز کارگاهها یا قرار گرفتن در مکان های غیر استاندارد داده نشود.

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Journal of Urban Development and Architecture - Environment Identity ( JUDA-EI)
Volume 1, Issue 3
September 2020
Pages 43-59

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History

  • Receive Date: 06 August 2020
  • Revise Date: 04 September 2020
  • Accept Date: 17 September 2020

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